Equity
Equity structure
Equity in Model Reef is usually split into:
Share capital
Cash invested by owners and investors.
Increases when you model Equity injections.
Retained earnings
Cumulative Net Income not yet distributed as dividends.
Increases with Net Income, decreases with dividends and other equity distributions.
You can add additional equity related categories if needed for specific structures, but the core logic remains the same.
Equity injections
Equity injections are modelled using Equity variables.
When you add an equity injection:
Cash increases in the Balance Sheet.
Share capital increases.
In the Cashflow Statement, the injection appears in Financing cashflows.
In the Cash Waterfall, it appears in the equity section near the end of the waterfall.
Equity injections do not appear in the P&L because they are funding flows, not revenue or income.
Dividends and equity distributions
Dividends are represented by Dividend variables.
When dividends are paid:
Cash decreases.
Retained earnings decrease.
The Cashflow Statement records a Financing cash outflow.
The Cash Waterfall shows dividends near the end, after debt service and capex.
This makes the trade off between reinvestment and cash return to owners explicit.
Equity and valuation
Equity is central to valuation work:
Equity value is often derived from discounted free cashflow to equity.
Equity IRR uses equity cash in and equity cash out over the model horizon.
Money multiple compares total equity cash out to cumulative equity invested.
Model Reef keeps the accounting representation of equity consistent with the cashflows used for valuation metrics, which reduces reconciliation effort.
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