Build a Synergy & Integration Model

This guide explains how to layer synergy and integration effects onto a post acquisition model in Model Reef. The focus is on quantifying net value creation from cost savings, revenue uplift and integration spend.

Before you start

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You should have:

  • A post acquisition combined model that includes Buyer and Target as branches.

  • A clear view of the baseline combined performance without synergies.

  • Ideas about where synergies come from and how long they take to realise.

If you have not yet built the combined model, follow Build an M and A Consolidation Model first.


What you will build

  • Dedicated synergy variables for:

    • Cost savings.

    • Revenue uplift.

  • Integration cost variables.

  • A net synergy view visible in P&L, Cash Waterfall and valuation.

You can implement this either in the combined model or, for comparison, in a separate synergy scenario model.


1

Define synergy categories and timing

Common synergy categories:

  • Cost synergies:

    • Headcount reduction.

    • Premises consolidation.

    • Vendor and procurement savings.

  • Revenue synergies:

    • Cross sell or upsell between customer bases.

    • Pricing power.

  • Integration costs:

    • Redundancies.

    • System migrations.

    • Advisory and consulting fees.

For each synergy type, decide:

  • Start date.

  • Ramp up profile (immediate, phased over time).

  • Level of uncertainty.

2

Create synergy variables

In the combined model, you can choose to:

  • Place synergy variables in a dedicated Synergies branch.

  • Or place them directly in Buyer and Target branches where they apply.

For cost synergies:

  • Create Opex or Staff variables with negative values to represent savings, or adjust existing cost variables downward via formulas.

  • Example naming:

    • Synergy - Staff Reduction - Back Office as a Staff or Opex variable with negative values.

For revenue synergies:

  • Create Revenue variables for incremental revenue.

  • Link them to drivers such as cross sell rates or new conversion assumptions.

Ensure that naming makes synergy variables easy to identify and audit.

3

Create integration cost variables

Integration costs are usually modelled as Opex or one off items.

  • Create Opex variables for each major integration program, for example:

    • Integration - IT Systems Migration.

    • Integration - Redundancy Costs.

  • Set timing:

    • Start and end dates aligned with the integration plan.

  • Decide tax treatment for these costs via tax configuration or variable classification.

These costs will reduce P&L and cashflows in the early post acquisition years.

4

Review net synergy in P&L and Cash Waterfall

To understand net synergy:

  • Compare the combined model without synergies to the synergy enhanced model.

  • In the synergy enhanced model:

    • Evaluate year by year incremental EBITDA and NPAT versus the baseline.

    • Review the Cash Waterfall to:

      • See incremental FCFF and FCFE.

      • Understand when integration spend flips into net savings.

You can construct a custom report or external comparison table showing:

  • Gross synergies.

  • Integration costs.

  • Net synergy impact per year.

5

With synergy variables active:

  • Open the Valuation section and examine:

    • Change in NPV versus baseline.

    • Change in IRR or Money Multiple.

  • Calculate the value of synergies as:

    • NPV with synergies minus NPV without synergies.

This highlights how much of the acquisition value is supported by synergy assumptions.

6

Build alternative synergy scenarios

Because scenarios are separate models, create models for:

  • Low synergies case.

  • Base synergies case.

  • High synergies case.

In each:

  • Vary synergy size and timing.

  • Keep integration cost assumptions realistic.

Compare these models to understand risk that comes from under delivering on synergies.


Check your work

  • Synergy variables are clearly tagged and separate from baseline operations.

  • Integration costs are explicitly modelled and not overlooked.

  • The net effect on EBITDA, NPAT and cash is believable and consistent with operational plans.

  • Valuation uplift from synergies is clearly quantifiable and not excessive relative to deal price.


Troubleshooting

chevron-rightSynergies look unrealistically largehashtag

Revisit drivers and ensure that percentage reductions or uplifts are applied to the correct base and ramped in realistically.

chevron-rightIntegration costs seem too lowhashtag

Compare with benchmarks or similar deals and adjust for realism. Underestimating integration costs is a common bias.

chevron-rightStakeholders question net value creationhashtag

Use scenario models to show a range of outcomes and explicitly quantify what portion of deal value depends on synergy delivery.


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